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The Mental Health Impact of Climate Change: How Extreme Weather and Disasters Affect Well-Being
Climate Change is not only a physical and environmental challenge but also a significant mental health issue. As temperatures rise, extreme weather events become more frequent, and natural disasters intensify, the psychological well-being of populations worldwide is increasingly at risk.
Direct Mental Health Effects of Climate Change
a. Extreme Weather Events and Trauma: Extreme weather events like hurricanes, wildfires, floods, and droughts are traumatic experiences that often lead to lasting mental health issues. Those directly affected can suffer from anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). For example, survivors of the 2018 California Campfire reported trauma similar to PTSD, with 67% of direct victims experiencing significant mental health distress compared to just 14% of those indirectly. Such psychological effects can linger for years as seen with survivors of Hurricane Katrina.
b. Economic Stress and Livelihood Losses: Farmers and rural populations are particularly vulnerable to climate change’s mental health consequences. Prolonged droughts, erratic rainfall, and flooding can destroy crops, disrupt livelihood, and lead to increased rates of farmer suicide. Economic Strain from climate-related disasters often exacerbates mental distress, particularly in agricultural economies like India, where climate variability is linked to rising depressive symptoms, especially in rural areas.
Vulnerable Populations at Greater Risk:
1. People with pre-existing Mental Health Conditions: Individuals already suffering from mental health issues are more likely to experience worsened symptoms due to the stresses brought on by climate change. People living with chronic conditions, such as those experiencing homelessness, are especially vulnerable. Thes individuals face heightened risks from extreme temperatures, poor living conditions, and lack of access to mental health support.
2. Minority and Indigenous Communities: For Indigenous communities, climate change-induced displacement from ancestral lands can cause profound psychological distress, as these communities often have deep cultural and spiritual connections to their environment.
3. Children and the Elderly: The psychological effects of climate change are also being felt by younger and older populations. A global survey found that 84% of young people aged 16 to 25 expressed anxiety about climate change, with nearly hald reporting that it negatively affected their daily lives.
In addition, exposure to extreme weather events during pregnancy can increase a child’s risk of developing mental health issues. Older Adults, particularly those with existing health conditions, face risks from isolation, limited social support, and vulnerability to climate-related disasters.
Psychological Effects of Climate Change on Global Populations:
A. Increasing Anxiety and Stress: Rising temperatures and worsening air pollution are linked to increasing levels of anxiety, stress, and depression. Research shows that extreme heat and pollution can trigger mental health-related emergency department visits, and long-term exposure to these factors is associated with higher suicide rates.
B. Social and Economic Displacement: The displacement caused by climate-induced disasters leads to acculturation stress and a sense of loss. Migration due to environmental factors disrupts communities, causing further psychological strain. For example, those displaced from their homes due to rising sea levels or drought may experience identity crises, loss of social networks and heightened mental health risks.
Climate Change is not only reshaping the physical world but is also creating significant mental health challenges that threaten the well-being of millions globally. The increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts, are directly linked to heightened anxiety, depression, and trauma. A holistic approach to climate action, which considers both environmental and mental health outcomes, will be key to building a sustainable future for all. To read more on the key strategies to address the Mental Health impact of Climate change, read our next article: Strategies to Address Mental Health Consequences of Climate change
By Urveez Kakalia and Krupa Abraham
Reference:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X18300123
Further Readings:
Doherty, T. J., & Clayton, S. (2011). The psychological impacts of global climate change. American Psychologist, 66(4), 265.
Noelke, C., McGovern, M., Corsi, D. J., Jimenez, M. P., Stern, A., Wing, I. S., & Berkman, L. (2016). Increasing ambient temperature reduces emotional well-being. Environmental research, 151, 124-129.
Gondlekar, M. S., & Kamat, M. S. (2016). Effect of organizational climate on psychological well being: A study of Vedanta Ltd. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3(3), 182-195.